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Reverse osmosis is a common process to purify or desalinate contaminated water by forcing water through a membrane. Water produced by reverse osmosis may be used for a variety of purposes, including desalination , wastewater treatment , concentration of contaminants, and the reclamation of dissolved minerals. [ 1 ]
Reverse osmosis is most commonly known for its use in drinking water purification from seawater, removing the salt and other effluent materials from the water molecules. [2] As of 2013 the world's largest RO desalination plant was in Sorek, Israel , outputting 624 thousand cubic metres per day (165 million US gallons per day). [ 3 ]
Reverse osmosis involves mechanical pressure applied to force water through a semi-permeable membrane. Contaminants are left on the other side of the membrane. Reverse osmosis is theoretically the most thorough method of large scale water purification available, although perfect semi-permeable membranes are difficult to create.
Although mechanical filtration, such as reverse osmosis, is widely employed to filter contaminants, other technologies including the use of ozone generators, wastewater evaporation, electrodeionization and bioremediation are also able to address the challenges of industrial water treatment.
Use of LifeStraw. The original LifeStraw is a plastic tube 22 centimetres (8 + 5 ⁄ 8 in) long and 3 centimetres (1 + 1 ⁄ 8 in) in diameter. [8] Water that is drawn up through the straw first passes through hollow fibres that filter water particles down to 0.2 µm across, using only physical filtration methods and no chemicals.
Consol's Water Division is involved in water purification with a focus on treating wastewater produced as a byproduct of hydraulic fracturing. The company operates reverse osmosis water purification plants and has a minority interest in a company that develops solar-powered water purification systems which, as of July 2012 [update] , was ...
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