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The diagnosis is often suspected based on symptoms and a low blood oxygen that does not improve with oxygen therapy. [3] Diagnosis is confirmed by a blood gas. [3] Treatment is generally with oxygen therapy and methylene blue. [3] Other treatments may include vitamin C, exchange transfusion, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. [3]
More than 10,000 cases of potential calcium channel blocker toxicity occurred in the United States in 2010. [2] When death occurs in medicine overdose, heart medications are the cause more than 10% of time. [2] The three most common types of heart medications that result in this outcome are calcium channel blockers along with beta blockers and ...
Salicylate poisoning, also known as aspirin poisoning, is the acute or chronic poisoning with a salicylate such as aspirin. [1] The classic symptoms are ringing in the ears, nausea, abdominal pain, and a fast breathing rate. [1] Early on, these may be subtle, while larger doses may result in fever.
Initial treatment of an acute overdose includes gastric decontamination. This is achieved by giving activated charcoal, which adsorbs the drug in the gastrointestinal tract either by mouth or via a nasogastric tube. Activated charcoal is most useful if given within 1 to 2 hours of ingestion. [10]
Severe symptoms include coma and respiratory depression. Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. There is an antidote, flumazenil, but its use is controversial. [2] Deaths from single-drug benzodiazepine overdoses occur infrequently, [3] particularly after the point of hospital admission. [4]
Treatment of severe toxicity is with digoxin-specific antibody fragments. [1] Its use is recommended in those who have a serious dysrhythmia, are in cardiac arrest, or have a potassium of greater than 5 mmol/L. [1] Low blood potassium or magnesium should also be corrected. [1] Toxicity may reoccur within a few days after treatment. [1]
Lithium toxicity, also known as lithium overdose, is the condition of having too much lithium. Symptoms may include a tremor, increased reflexes, trouble walking, kidney problems, and an altered level of consciousness. Some symptoms may last for a year after levels return to normal. Complications may include serotonin syndrome. [1]
Iron poisoning typically occurs from ingestion of excess iron that results in acute toxicity. Mild symptoms which occur within hours include vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and drowsiness. [1] In more severe cases, symptoms can include tachypnea, low blood pressure, seizures, or coma. [2]