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A cause célèbre (/ ˌ k ɔː z s ə ˈ l ɛ b (r ə)/ ⓘ KAWZ sə-LEB(-rə), [1] French: [koz selɛbʁ]; pl. causes célèbres, pronounced like the singular) is an issue or incident arousing widespread controversy, outside campaigning, and heated public debate. [2]
L'Esprit de l'histoire d'Angleterre, with A. L. Rowse, Paris, R. Julliard 1951; L'Occident et la direction spirituelle du monde. (Allocution prononcée le vendredi 18 novembre 1932.), Neuilly, La Cause, 1932; L'Œuvre scientifique d'André Siegfried, Paris, Presses de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 1977
Aristotle defines the end, purpose, or final "cause" (τέλος, télos) [16] as that for the sake of which a thing is done. [20] Like the form, this is a controversial type of explanation in science; some have argued for its survival in evolutionary biology, [21] while Ernst Mayr denied that it continued to play a role. [22]
Eight years later, in a speech before the Prussian Academy of Sciences, he expanded his list of conundrums to seven "world riddles" or "shortcomings" of science. [2] Three of these he declared to be " transcendent ", or permanently unknowable: "1. the ultimate nature of matter and energy, 2. the origin of motion, ...
Aristotle recognized four kinds of causes, and where applicable, the most important of them is the "final cause". The final cause was the aim, goal, or purpose of some natural process or man-made thing. Until the Scientific Revolution, it was very natural to see such aims, such as a child's growth, for example, leading to a mature adult.
Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers (French for 'Encyclopedia, or a Systematic Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts and Crafts'), [1] better known as Encyclopédie (French: [ɑ̃siklɔpedi]), was a general encyclopedia published in France between 1751 and 1772, with later supplements, revised editions, and translations.
Scientism is the belief that science and the scientific method are the best or only way to render truth about the world and reality. [1] [2]While the term was defined originally to mean "methods and attitudes typical of or attributed to natural scientists", some scholars, as well as political and religious leaders, have also adopted it as a pejorative term with the meaning "an exaggerated ...
In 1546, he wrote De Ortu et Causis Subterraneorum which was the first book written on physical geology, and De Natura Fossilium (On the Nature of Fossils) which described fossils and minerals. [43] Nicolas Steno (1638-1686) is a Catholic convert who served as a bishop after making a series of important anatomical and geological innovations.