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The FRTB revisions address deficiencies relating to the existing [8] Standardised approach and Internal models approach [9] and particularly revisit the following: . The boundary between the "trading book" and the "banking book": [10] i.e. assets intended for active trading; as opposed to assets expected to be held to maturity, usually customer loans, and deposits from retail and corporate ...
Expected shortfall (ES) is a risk measure—a concept used in the field of financial risk measurement to evaluate the market risk or credit risk of a portfolio. The "expected shortfall at q% level" is the expected return on the portfolio in the worst q % {\displaystyle q\%} of cases.
The value of this option is equal to the suitably discounted expected value of the payoff (,) under the probability distribution of the process . Except for the special cases of β = 0 {\displaystyle \beta =0} and β = 1 {\displaystyle \beta =1} , no closed form expression for this probability distribution is known.
Under some formulations, it is only equivalent to expected shortfall when the underlying distribution function is continuous at (), the value at risk of level . [2] Under some other settings, TVaR is the conditional expectation of loss above a given value, whereas the expected shortfall is the product of this value with the probability of ...
1. Subadditivity. A risk measure is subadditive if for any portfolios A and B, the risk of A+B is never greater than the risk of A plus the risk of B. In other words, the risk of the sum of subportfolios is smaller than or equal to the sum of their individual risks. Standard deviation and expected shortfall are subadditive, while VaR is not.
Here, α is a "multiplier" of 1.4, acting as a buffer to ensure sufficient coverage; and: RC is the "Replacement Cost" were the counterparty to default today: the current exposure, i.e. mark-to-market of all trades, is aggregated by counterparty, and then netted-off with haircutted - collateral .
However, in practice it would be difficult to use since quantifying the risk aversion for an individual is difficult to do. The entropic risk measure is the prime example of a convex risk measure which is not coherent. [1] Given the connection to utility functions, it can be used in utility maximization problems.
Loss given default or LGD is the share of an asset that is lost if a borrower defaults.. It is a common parameter in risk models and also a parameter used in the calculation of economic capital, expected loss or regulatory capital under Basel II for a banking institution.