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Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H 2 receptor antagonist from which later drugs were developed. Cimetidine was the culmination of a project at Smith, Kline & French (SK&F; now GlaxoSmithKline) by James W. Black, C. Robin Ganellin, and others to develop a histamine receptor antagonist that would suppress stomach acid secretion.
When these medications are used long term, the lowest effective dose should be taken. [4] They may also be taken only when symptoms occur in those with frequent problems. [5] Proton-pump inhibitors are named using the suffix "-prazole". There is a purported correlation (but no proven causal link) between the use of PPIs and the risk of dementia ...
Vitamin B12 deficiency is due to the change in the acidic environment within the stomach with the use of pantoprazole which prevents peptidases from being activated. [23] This prevents the cleaving of R-factor from vitamin B12 and prevents its absorption. [23] Rebound hypergastrinemia may be seen when stopping the medication after long term use.
In about half of people who are hospitalized or seen at a primary care clinic there is no documented reason for their long-term use of PPIs. [28] Some researchers believe that, given the little evidence of long-term effectiveness, the cost of the medication and the potential for harm means that clinicians should consider stopping PPIs in many ...
A study of the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database, which contains over 80,000 men, found that the relative risk of gynecomastia in cimetidine users was 7.2 relative to non-users. [52] People taking a dosage of cimetidine of greater than or equal to 1,000 mg showed more than 40 times the risk of gynecomastia than non-users. [ 52 ]
In a study on men of Japanese ancestry, this has translated to an average increase of total drug exposure by 50–60% compared to men in the United States. [ 22 ] However, rabeprazole's metabolism is primarily non-enzymatic (it is often inactivated chemically, without the participation of the body's natural drug metabolizing enzymes ).
Salk Institute researchers have identified a key protein that may help users of GLP-1 drugs such as Ozempic and Wegovy maintain muscle mass while losing weight.
Ranitidine, previously sold under the brand name Zantac [a] among others, is a medication used to decrease stomach acid production. [12] It was commonly used in treatment of peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. [12]