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The Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider is an American strategic bomber in development for the United States Air Force (USAF) by Northrop Grumman. Part of the Long Range Strike Bomber (LRS-B) program, it is to be a stealth intercontinental strategic bomber that can deliver conventional and thermonuclear weapons.
Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) [6][7] Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS) Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) PTSD Symptom Scale – Self-Report Version. Screen for child anxiety related disorders. Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory-Brief form.
With hypofrontality being linked to psychiatric diseases, depression, and drug addiction, there is a possibility that they all may have some common pathophysiological mechanism linking the diseases. Even with the large amounts of research on hypofrontality in schizophrenia, there is still a lot to be learned about its neuronal mechanisms.
Schizoid personality disorder (/ ˈ s k ɪ t s ɔɪ d, ˈ s k ɪ d z ɔɪ d, ˈ s k ɪ z ɔɪ d /, often abbreviated as SzPD or ScPD) is a personality disorder characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, [9] a tendency toward a solitary or sheltered lifestyle, secretiveness, emotional coldness, detachment, and apathy. [10]
Mental illnesses have risk factors, for instance including unequal parental treatment, adverse life events and drug use in depression, migration and discrimination, childhood trauma, loss or separation in families, and cannabis use in schizophrenia and psychosis, and parenting factors, child abuse, family history (e.g. of anxiety), and ...
Learned helplessness is the behavior exhibited by a subject after enduring repeated aversive stimuli beyond their control. It was initially thought to be caused by the subject's acceptance of their powerlessness, by way of their discontinuing attempts to escape or avoid the aversive stimulus, even when such alternatives are unambiguously presented.
Dopaminergic pathways (dopamine pathways, dopaminergic projections) in the human brain are involved in both physiological and behavioral processes including movement, cognition, executive functions, reward, motivation, and neuroendocrine control. [ 1 ] Each pathway is a set of projection neurons, consisting of individual dopaminergic neurons.
The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia or the dopamine hypothesis of psychosis is a model that attributes the positive symptoms of schizophrenia to a disturbed and hyperactive dopaminergic signal transduction. The model draws evidence from the observation that a large number of antipsychotics have dopamine- receptor antagonistic effects.