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Zero-knowledge proof. In cryptography, a zero-knowledge proof is a protocol in which one party (the prover) can convince another party (the verifier) that some given statement is true, without conveying to the verifier any information beyond the mere fact of that statement's truth. [1] The intuition underlying zero-knowledge proofs is that it ...
A cryptographic hash function (CHF) is a hash algorithm (a map of an arbitrary binary string to a binary string with a fixed size of bits) that has special properties desirable for a cryptographic application: [ 1 ] the probability of a particular n {\displaystyle n} -bit output result (hash value) for a random input string ("message") is 2 − ...
Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation. [32] Python is dynamically typed and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional programming.
Contents. Index of coincidence. In cryptography, coincidence counting is the technique (invented by William F. Friedman [ 1 ]) of putting two texts side-by-side and counting the number of times that identical letters appear in the same position in both texts. This count, either as a ratio of the total or normalized by dividing by the expected ...
Comparison of implementations of message authentication code (MAC) algorithms. A MAC is a short piece of information used to authenticate a message—in other words, to confirm that the message came from the stated sender (its authenticity) and has not been changed in transit (its integrity). Implementation. HMAC - MD5.
AES-JS – portable JavaScript implementation of AES ECB and CTR modes. Forge – JavaScript implementations of AES in CBC, CTR, OFB, CFB, and GCM modes. asmCrypto – JavaScript implementation of popular cryptographic utilities with focus on performance. Supports CBC, CFB, CCM modes. pidCrypt – open source JavaScript library.
In the asymptotic setting, a family of deterministic polynomial time computable functions : {,} {,} for some polynomial p, is a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG, or PRG in some references), if it stretches the length of its input (() > for any k), and if its output is computationally indistinguishable from true randomness, i.e. for any probabilistic polynomial time algorithm A, which ...
Digital Signature Algorithm. The Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) is a public-key cryptosystem and Federal Information Processing Standard for digital signatures, based on the mathematical concept of modular exponentiation and the discrete logarithm problem. In a public-key cryptosystem, two keys are generated: data can only be encrypted with ...