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  2. Universal indicator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_indicator

    Universal indicator. A universal indicator is a pH indicator made of a solution of several compounds that exhibit various smooth colour changes over a wide range pH values to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of solutions. A universal indicator can be in paper form or present in a form of a solution. [1]

  3. pH indicator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH_indicator

    A pH indicator is a halochromic chemical compound added in small amounts to a solution so the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually or spectroscopically by changes in absorption and/or emission properties. [1] Hence, a pH indicator is a chemical detector for hydronium ions (H 3 O +) or hydrogen ions (H +) in the ...

  4. pH - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH

    For more precise measurements, the color can be measured using a colorimeter or spectrophotometer. A Universal indicator is a mixture of several indicators that can provide a continuous color change over a range of pH values, typically from about pH 2 to pH 10. Universal indicator paper is made from absorbent paper that has been impregnated ...

  5. List of reagent testing color charts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_reagent_testing...

    List of reagent testing color charts. It is advised to check the references for photos of reaction results. [1] Reagent testers might show the colour of the desired substance while not showing a different colour for a more dangerous additive. [2] For this reason it is essential to use multiple different tests to show all adulterants.

  6. Phenol red - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol_red

    This color change is an indication that even in the absence of contamination, the medium needs to be replaced (generally, this should be done before the medium has turned completely orange). Since the color of phenol red can interfere with some spectrophotometric and fluorescent assays, many types of tissue culture media are also available ...

  7. Methyl orange - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_orange

    Methyl orange is a pH indicator frequently used in titration because of its clear and distinct color variance at different pH values. Methyl orange shows red color in acidic medium and yellow color in basic medium. Because it changes color at the p Ka of a mid strength acid, it is usually used in titration of strong acids in weak bases that ...

  8. Bromothymol blue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromothymol_blue

    Bromothymol blue (also known as bromothymol sulfone phthalein and BTB) is a pH indicator. It is mostly used in applications that require measuring substances that would have a relatively neutral pH (near 7). A common use is for measuring the presence of carbonic acid in a liquid. It is typically sold in solid form as the sodium salt of the acid ...

  9. Thymol blue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymol_blue

    Thymol blue (thymolsulfonephthalein) is a brownish-green or reddish-brown crystalline powder that is used as a pH indicator. It is insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and dilute alkali solutions. It transitions from red to yellow at pH 1.2–2.8 and from yellow to blue at pH 8.0–9.6.