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Monotonic orthography for Modern Greek uses only two diacritics, the tonos and diaeresis (sometimes used in combination) that have significance in pronunciation, similar to vowels in Spanish. Initial /h/ is no longer pronounced, and so the rough and smooth breathings are no longer necessary.
A diacritic (also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or accent) is a glyph added to a letter or to a basic glyph. The term derives from the Ancient Greek διακριτικός (diakritikós, "distinguishing"), from διακρίνω (diakrínō, "to distinguish"). The word diacritic is a noun, though it is sometimes used in ...
t. e. Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelated entities.
The symbol ϵ (U+03F5) is designated specifically for the lunate form, used as a technical symbol. The symbol ϑ ("script theta") is a cursive form of theta (θ), frequent in handwriting, and used with a specialized meaning as a technical symbol. The symbol ϰ ("kappa symbol") is a cursive form of kappa (κ), used as a technical symbol.
Eta with acute and smooth breathing. Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high pitch on a short vowel or rising pitch on a long vowel. Ἢἢ. Eta with grave and smooth breathing. Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a normal or low pitch. Ἦἦ.
The circumflex ( ̂) is a diacritic in the Latin and Greek scripts that is also used in the written forms of many languages and in various romanization and transcription schemes. It received its English name from Latin : circumflexus "bent around"—a translation of the Greek : περισπωμένη ( perispōménē ).
The conventions for writingand romanizingAncient Greekand Modern Greekdiffer markedly. The sound of the English letterB(/b/) was written as βin ancient Greek but is now written as the digraphμπ, while the modern βsounds like the English letter V(/v/) instead. The Greek nameἸωάννηςbecame Johannesin Latinand then Johnin English, but ...
Rough breathing. In the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, the rough breathing (Ancient Greek: δασὺ πνεῦμα, romanized: dasỳ pneûma or δασεῖα daseîa; Latin: spiritus asper) character is a diacritical mark used to indicate the presence of an / h / sound before a vowel, diphthong, or after rho. It remained in the ...