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IV solutions are considered hypotonic if the total electrolyte content is less than 250 mEq/L. Hypotonic IV fluids are usually used to provide free water for excretion of body wastes, treat cellular dehydration, and replace the cellular fluid.
An overview of the causes of hypotonic hyponatremia is presented in this topic. Most of the individual causes of hyponatremia are discussed in detail separately (table 2), as are issues related to the diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia (algorithm 1 and algorithm 2) [3,4].
In nursing school and on the NCLEX exam, you will be required to know what type of IV fluids are considered isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic. In this article, I give you an easy overview of each solution and how they work on the cellular level.
In this guide, we’ll take a closer look at isotonic IV fluids, hypotonic IV fluids, and hypertonic IV fluids to help you understand the difference, as well as providing some examples from each category.
What makes a hypotonic solution…hypotonic? Here’s a clear explanation for HOW and WHY hypertonic IV solutions work so that you can be confident in knowing which situations to use them in during nursing school.
A hypotonic solution is a solution that has a lower solute concentration compared to another solution. A solution cannot be hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic without a solution for comparison.
Quick summary. The words hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic are most often used when comparing chemical solutions while discussing osmosis. A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solute than another solution, meaning water will flow into it.
Hypotonic fluids can be considered hippotonic cells because all the fluid goes into the cell causing it to swell. Isotonic fluids can be considered isoperfect cells, like “I’m so perfect.” This means that no osmosis or shifting is happening with the cell.
Intracellular fluids (ICF) are found inside cells and are made up of protein, water, electrolytes, and solutes. The most abundant electrolyte in intracellular fluid is potassium. Intracellular fluids are crucial to the body’s functioning.
If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, there will be a net flow of water into the cell, and the cell will gain volume. If the solute concentration outside the cell is lower than inside the cell, and the solutes cannot cross the membrane, then that solution is hypotonic to the cell.