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The effects of spaceflight on the human body are complex and largely harmful over both short and long term. [1] Significant adverse effects of long-term weightlessness include muscle atrophy and deterioration of the skeleton (spaceflight osteopenia). [2] Other significant effects include a slowing of cardiovascular system functions, decreased ...
Effects of ionizing radiation in spaceflight. The Phantom Torso, as seen here in the Destiny laboratory on the International Space Station (ISS), is designed to measure the effects of radiation on organs inside the body by using a torso that is similar to those used to train radiologists on Earth. The torso is equivalent in height and weight to ...
Physiological effects in space. Even before the very beginning of human space exploration, serious and reasonable concerns were expressed about exposure of humans to the microgravity of space due to the potential systemic effects on terrestrially-evolved life forms adapted to Earth gravity. Unloading of skeletal muscle, both on Earth via bed ...
Psychological and sociological effects of space flight are important to understanding how to successfully achieve the goals of long-duration expeditionary missions. Although robotic spacecraft have landed on Mars , plans have also been discussed for a human expedition , perhaps in the 2030s, [ 1 ] for a return mission.
Description of central nervous system risks of concern to NASA. Acute and late CNS risks from space radiation are of concern for Exploration missions to the moon or Mars. Acute CNS risks include: altered cognitive function, reduced motor function, and behavioral changes, all of which may affect performance and human health.
The International Space Station is a platform for scientific research that requires one or more of the unusual conditions present in low Earth orbit (for example microgravity, (cosmic) - radiation and extreme temperatures). The primary fields of research include human research, space medicine, life sciences, physical sciences, astronomy and ...
Aerospace physiology. Aerospace physiology is the study of the effects of high altitudes on the body, such as different pressures and levels of oxygen. At different altitudes the body may react in different ways, provoking more cardiac output, and producing more erythrocytes. These changes cause more energy waste in the body, causing muscle ...
In human spaceflight, a life-support system is a group of devices that allow a human being to survive in outer space. US government space agency NASA, [2] and private spaceflight companies use the phrase "environmental control and life-support system" or the acronym ECLSS when describing these systems. [3] The life-support system may supply air ...