Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Crystallization. In chemistry, fractional crystallization is a stage-wise separation technique that relies on the liquid-solid phase change. It fractionates via differences in crystallization temperature and enables the purification of multi-component mixtures, as long as none of the constituents can act as solvents to the others.
Crystallization. Crystallization is the process by which solids form, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal. Some ways by which crystals form are precipitating from a solution, freezing, or more rarely deposition directly from a gas. Attributes of the resulting crystal depend largely on factors ...
Second rule: the electrostatic valence rule. For a given cation, Pauling defined [2] the electrostatic bond strength to each coordinated anion as , where z is the cation charge and ν is the cation coordination number. A stable ionic structure is arranged to preserve local electroneutrality, so that the sum of the strengths of the electrostatic ...
Crystallization of polymers is a process associated with partial alignment of their molecular chains. These chains fold together and form ordered regions called lamellae, which compose larger spheroidal structures named spherulites. [1][2] Polymers can crystallize upon cooling from melting, mechanical stretching or solvent evaporation.
In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite (stoichiometric) ratio. Classically, "water of crystallization" refers to water that is found in the crystalline framework of a metal complex or a salt, which is not directly bonded to the metal cation.
Population balance equation. Population balance equations (PBEs) have been introduced in several branches of modern science, mainly in Chemical Engineering, [1] to describe the evolution of a population of particles. This includes topics like crystallization, [2] leaching (metallurgy), [3][4] liquid–liquid extraction, gas-liquid dispersions ...
List of thermal conductivities. List of undecidable problems. List of unsolved deaths. List of unsolved problems in astronomy. List of unsolved problems in biology. List of unsolved problems in computer science. List of unsolved problems in economics. List of unsolved problems in fair division. List of unsolved problems in geoscience.
Avrami equation. The transformation of one phase from another by the growth of nuclei forming randomly in the parent phase. The Avrami equation describes how solids transform from one phase to another at constant temperature. It can specifically describe the kinetics of crystallisation, can be applied generally to other changes of phase in ...