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Spontaneous glass breakage is a phenomenon by which tempered glass may spontaneously break without any apparent reason. The most common causes are: [13] [14] Internal defects within the glass such as nickel sulfide inclusions. Nickel sulfide defects can cause spontaneous breakage of tempered glass years after its manufacturing. [15]
When the glass is cooled quickly (as part of the process) the NiS particle is unable to change back to its original form. Over a certain period of time NiS will slowly convert to the original low temperature structure. This means the NiS increases in size, and the mechanical stresses caused by this cause the tempered pane to shatter, for no ...
Annealing is a process of slowly cooling hot glass objects after they have been formed, to relieve residual internal stresses introduced during manufacture. Especially for smaller, simpler objects, annealing may be incidental to the process of manufacture, but in larger or more complex products it commonly demands a special process of annealing in a temperature-controlled kiln known as a lehr. [1]
Occasionally the argument has been made that war is a benefactor to society and that "war is good for the economy." A variant of this argument suggests that, while war cannot be fairly called a benefactor, it can and sometimes does confer some economic benefits. [17] However, this belief is often given as an example of the broken window fallacy.
[1] [2] The sound is produced as the tree bark splits, with the wood contracting as the sap expands. [2] [3] John Claudius Loudon described this effect of cold on trees in his Encyclopaedia of Gardening, in the entry for frosts, as follows: 1. The history of frosts furnishes very extraordinary facts.
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Glass cutter, showing hardened steel cutting wheel (far left), notches for snapping, and ball (on end of handle) for tapping. A glass cutter is a tool used to make a shallow score in one surface of a piece of glass (normally a flat one) that is to be broken in two pieces, for example to fit a window.
Prince Rupert's drops have remained a scientific curiosity for nearly 400 years due to two unusual mechanical properties: [4] when the tail is snipped, the drop disintegrates explosively into powder, whereas the bulbous head can withstand compressive forces of up to 664,300 newtons (67,740 kg f).