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  2. Plum pudding model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum_pudding_model

    The plum pudding model was the first scientific model of the atom to describe an internal structure. It was first proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904 following his discovery of the electron in 1897, and was rendered obsolete by Ernest Rutherford 's discovery of the atomic nucleus in 1911.

  3. Nuclear structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_structure

    The liquid drop model is one of the first models of nuclear structure, proposed by Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker in 1935. [5] It describes the nucleus as a semiclassical fluid made up of neutrons and protons, with an internal repulsive electrostatic force proportional to the number of protons.

  4. File:Plum pudding atom.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plum_pudding_atom.svg

    This diagram was created with a text editor. ... == Summary == The plum pudding model of the atom — negative charges (electrons) embedded in a larger structure of ...

  5. John Coster-Mullen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Coster-Mullen

    Atom Bombs: The Top Secret, Inside Story of Little Boy and Fat Man John Coster-Mullen (21 December 1946 – 24 April 2021) was an American industrial photographer, truck driver and nuclear archaeologist who played an important role in creating a public record of the design of the first atomic bombs .

  6. Atom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom

    The Bohr model of the atom, with an electron making instantaneous "quantum leaps" from one orbit to another with gain or loss of energy. This model of electrons in orbits is obsolete. A problem in classical mechanics is that an accelerating charged particle radiates electromagnetic radiation, causing the particle to lose kinetic energy.

  7. Molecular model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_model

    A Nicholson model, showing a short part of protein backbone (white) with side chains (grey). Note the snipped stubs representing hydrogen atoms. A good example of composite models is the Nicholson approach, widely used from the late 1970s for building models of biological macromolecules.

  8. Molecular graphics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_graphics

    The earliest efforts to produce models of molecular structure was done by Project MAC using wire-frame models displayed on a cathode ray tube in the mid 1960s. In 1965, Carroll Johnson distributed the Oak Ridge thermal ellipsoid plot (ORTEP) that visualized molecules as a ball-and-stick model with lines representing the bonds between atoms and ...

  9. Rutherford model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_model

    The Rutherford model is a name for the first model of an atom with a compact nucleus. The concept arose from Ernest Rutherford discovery of the nucleus. Rutherford directed the Geiger–Marsden experiment in 1909, which showed much more alpha particle recoil than J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom could explain. Thomson's model had ...