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The file system uses an index table stored on the device to identify chains of data storage areas associated with a file, the File Allocation Table (FAT). The FAT is statically allocated at the time of formatting. The table is a linked list of entries for each cluster, a contiguous area of disk storage. Each entry contains either the number of ...
This means that when files are copied or moved between NTFS and FAT partitions, the OS needs to convert timestamps on the fly. But if some files are moved when daylight saving time (DST) is in effect, and other files are moved when standard time is in effect, there can be some ambiguities in the conversions. As a result, especially shortly ...
NTFS: Partial (with third-party drivers) Yes Native since Linux Kernel 5.15 NTFS3. Older kernels may use backported NTFS3 driver or ntfs-3g [72] Read only, write support needs Paragon NTFS or ntfs-3g: Needs 3rd-party drivers like Paragon NTFS for Win98, DiskInternals NTFS Reader: Yes No Yes with ntfs-3g? Yes with ntfs-3g: No Yes with ntfs-3g?
On Windows, FAT and FAT32 file systems can be converted to NTFS via the convert.exe utility, but not the reverse. [39] On Linux, ext2 can be converted to ext3 (and converted back), and ext3 can be converted to ext4 (but not back), [40] and both ext3 and ext4 can be converted to btrfs, and converted back until the undo information is deleted. [41]
The total number of sectors (as noted in the boot record) can be larger than the number of sectors used by data (clusters × sectors per cluster), FATs (number of FATs × sectors per FAT), the root directory (n/a for FAT32), and hidden sectors including the boot sector: this would result in unused sectors at the end of the volume.
exFAT and the rest of the FAT family of file systems do not use indexes for file names, unlike NTFS, which uses B-trees for file searching. When a file is accessed, the directory must be sequentially searched until a match is found.
All of the Linux filesystem drivers support all three FAT types, namely FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32.Where they differ is in the provision of support for long filenames, beyond the 8.3 filename structure of the original FAT filesystem format, and in the provision of Unix file semantics that do not exist as standard in the FAT filesystem format such as file permissions. [1]
Most file systems, such as the FAT family and UNIX's Fast File System, work with the concept of clusters of an equal and fixed size. For example, a FAT32 file system might be broken into clusters of 4 KiB each. Any file smaller than 4 KiB fits into a single cluster, and there is never more than one file in each cluster.