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In 2015, Asperger syndrome was estimated to affect 37.2 million people globally, or about 0.5% of the population. [9] The exact percentage of people affected has still not been firmly established. [19] Autism spectrum disorder is diagnosed in males more often than females, [24] and females are typically diagnosed at a later age.
Several studies have reported an overlap, confusion or comorbidity with Asperger syndrome (which has been combined with autism spectrum disorder and no longer appears as a diagnostic label in the DSM-5). [77] [78] [79] Asperger syndrome was at one time called "schizoid disorder of childhood".
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be classified into two categories: "syndromic autism" and "non-syndromic autism". Syndromic autism refers to cases where ASD is one of the characteristics associated with a broader medical condition or syndrome, representing about 25% of ASD cases. The causes of syndromic autism are often known, and monogenic ...
The term "high-functioning autism" was used in a manner similar to Asperger syndrome, another outdated classification.The defining characteristic recognized by psychologists was a significant delay in the development of early speech and language skills, before the age of three years. [12]
Asperger syndrome was introduced to the DSM as a formal diagnosis in 1994, but in 2013, Asperger Syndrome and infantile autism were reunified into a single diagnostic category, autism spectrum disorder (ASD). [6] Autistic individuals often struggle with understanding non-verbal social cues and emotional sharing.
In his preword to the book Asperger's and Girls, Attwood writes: "These tentative explanations for the apparent underrepresentation of girls with Asperger's Syndrome have yet to be examined by objective research studies." [26] Another clinician, William Mandy, hypothesized referrals for ASD assessment are often started by teachers.
Disorders formerly considered distinct, but now diagnosed as autism spectrum disorder, include: Asperger syndrome – a previously diagnosed form of autism often applied to people with a higher IQ who can have a less difficult time communicating with others and understanding concepts or phrases than other individuals with more severe autism. As ...
Research has been carried out in the UK and Australia on the cost-return on investment of these measures. Over a period of eight years, employment support for people with high-functioning autism or Asperger syndrome in the UK yielded a profit. [222] Specific measures for people with autism are more effective than general measures. [223]