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In a sample of 100,000, Sicherman et al. (2016) found that 79% of investors showed the ostrich effect while 21% had “anti-ostrich behaviour”, such as the meerkat effect. The researchers argued that Gherzi et al. (2014) sample size of 617 investors was too small, one potential reason that most investors exhibited the meerkat effect rather ...
The cognitive model of abnormality is one of the dominant forces in academic psychology beginning in the 1970s and its appeal is partly attributed to the way it emphasizes the evaluation of internal mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, and problem-solving. The process allows psychologists to explain the development of mental ...
The HBM is widely used in health behavior research and public health interventions to understand and promote engagement in health-protective behaviors. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It also incorporates concepts similar to the transtheoretical model like self-efficacy , or confidence in one's ability to take action, and identifies the role of cues to action or ...
Each behavioural change theory or model focuses on different factors in attempting to explain behaviour change. Of the many that exist, the most prevalent are learning theories, social cognitive theory, theories of reasoned action and planned behaviour, transtheoretical model of behavior change, the health action process approach, and the BJ Fogg model of behavior change.
In 2009, an article in the British Journal of Health Psychology called the TTM "arguably the dominant model of health behaviour change, having received unprecedented research attention, yet it has simultaneously attracted exceptional criticism", and said "that there is still value in the transtheoretical model but that the way in which it is ...
Furthermore, this model is closely tied to health psychology. Health psychology examines the reciprocal influences of biology, psychology, behavioral, and social factors on health and illness. One application of the biopsychosocial model within health and medicine relates to pain, such that several factors outside an individual's health may ...
In his work on health psychology, Marks advocated a greater understanding of the socio-political context affecting individual behaviour (Marks et al., 2005). With Michael Murray and colleagues, he actively promoted a critical-theoretical approach, including the foundation of the International Society of Critical Health Psychology. This ...
Behavioral sink" is a term invented by ethologist John B. Calhoun to describe a collapse in behavior that can result from overpopulation. The term and concept derive from a series of over-population experiments Calhoun conducted on Norway rats between 1958 and 1962. [ 1 ]