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A reinforced concrete column is a structural member designed to carry compressive loads, composed of concrete with an embedded steel frame to provide reinforcement. For design purposes, the columns are separated into two categories: short columns and slender columns.
In practical design, it is recommended to increase the factors as shown above. The following assumptions are made while deriving Euler's formula: [3] The material of the column is homogeneous and isotropic. The compressive load on the column is axial only. The column is free from initial stress. The weight of the column is neglected.
The slenderness ratio is an indicator of the specimen's resistance to bending and buckling, due to its length and cross section. If the slenderness ratio is less than the critical slenderness ratio, the column is considered to be a short column. In these cases, the Johnson parabola is more applicable than the Euler formula. [5]
The columns are identical, apart from the boundary conditions. A conclusion from the above is that the buckling load of a column may be increased by changing its material to one with a higher modulus of elasticity (E), or changing the design of the column's cross section so as to increase its moment of inertia.
The design of most classical columns incorporates entasis (the inclusion of a slight outward curve in the sides) plus a reduction in diameter along the height of the column, so that the top is as little as 83% of the bottom diameter. This reduction mimics the parallax effects which the eye expects to see, and tends to make columns look taller ...
111 West 57th Street in Midtown Manhattan is the world's most slender skyscraper. In architecture, the slenderness ratio, or simply slenderness, is an aspect ratio, the quotient between the height and the width of a building. In structural engineering, slenderness is used to calculate the propensity of a column to buckle.
A colonnette is a small slender column, [1] usually decorative, which supports a beam or lintel.Colonnettes have also been used to refer to a feature of furnishings such as a dressing table and case clock, [2] [3] and even studied by archeologists in Roman ceramics. [4]
The cantilever method is an approximate method for calculating shear forces and moments developed in beams and columns of a frame or structure due to lateral loads. The applied lateral loads typically include wind loads and earthquake loads, which must be taken into consideration while designing buildings.
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