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Waddington used the concept of canalisation to explain his experiments on genetic assimilation. [3] In these experiments, he exposed Drosophila pupae to heat shock. This environmental disturbance caused some flies to develop a crossveinless phenotype.
The theory of recapitulation, also called the biogenetic law or embryological parallelism—often expressed using Ernst Haeckel's phrase "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny"—is a historical hypothesis that the development of the embryo of an animal, from fertilization to gestation or hatching (), goes through stages resembling or representing successive adult stages in the evolution of the ...
When scientists wish to test several theories, then a statistician can design an experiment that allows optimal tests between specified models. Such "discrimination experiments" are especially important in the biostatistics supporting pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics , following the work of Cox and Atkinson.
2740 14652 Ensembl ENSG00000112164 ENSMUSG00000024027 UniProt P43220 O35659 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002062 NM_021332 RefSeq (protein) NP_002053 NP_067307 Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 39.05 – 39.09 Mb Chr 17: 31.12 – 31.16 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) found on beta cells of the pancreas and ...
Among the earliest biological rules in modern times are those of Karl Ernst von Baer (from 1828 onwards) on embryonic development (see von Baer's laws), [4] and of Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger on animal pigmentation, in 1833 (see Gloger's rule). [5] There is some scepticism among biogeographers about the usefulness of general rules.
The QTL sign test compares the number of antagonistic QTL to a neutral model, and allows for testing of directional selection against genetic drift. [11] The Ka/Ks ratio test compares the number of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions, and a ratio that is greater than 1 indicates directional selection. [ 12 ]
This concept of function as opposed to form (respectively Aristotle's ergon and morphê [2]) was central in biological explanations in classical antiquity. In more modern times it formed part of the 1830 Cuvier–Geoffroy debate , where Cuvier argued that an animal's structure was driven by its functional needs, while Geoffroy proposed that ...
In base 2, 10110 (22 in decimal) has been proven to be a Lychrel number, since after 4 steps it reaches 10110100, after 8 steps it reaches 1011101000, after 12 steps it reaches 101111010000, and in general after 4n steps it reaches a number consisting of 10, followed by n + 1 ones, followed by 01, followed by n + 1 zeros. This number obviously ...