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New York House of Refuge, a reform school completed in 1854. A reform school was a penal institution, generally for teenagers, mainly operating between 1830 and 1900.In the United Kingdom and its colonies, reformatories (commonly called reform schools) were set up from 1854 onward for children who were convicted of a crime, as an alternative to an adult prison.
A wood engraving representing the NY House of Refuge in 1855. The New York House of Refuge was the first juvenile reformatory established in the United States. [1] It opened in 1824 on the Bowery in Manhattan, New York City [2] and was destroyed by a fire in 1839, before being relocated first to Twenty-Third Street and then, in 1854, to Randalls Island.
It is widely written that the Reform School for Boys in Westborough was the first juvenile reform school to be built in the United States. This is somewhat misleading as there were several reform schools built before 1848 including; The Boston Farm School (1833) and the New York House of Refuge (1824) that were either private or corporate ...
In 1882, the institution's management asked the state to pass a bill that would drastically expand the House's size. In a move that made front page headlines across New York, the head of the state Board of Charities opposed the legislation, calling the House "essentially a prison" that "doomed" boys and girls to a life of child labor. [5]
Somehow that seems like an inadequate concept in a case where children in a state-run (now long closed) reform school were raped, beaten and tortured — abuse that went on for decades, from 1940 ...
The story is set at the fictional Nickel Academy, based on the notoriously cruel Arthur G. Dozier School for Boys near Tallahassee, Florida, which operated for 111 years before being shut down by ...
Boys at the Lincolndale Agricultural School in Lincolndale, New York, process milk from the cows on the school's farm. Lincolndale Agricultural School for Boys was a Catholic charity run by Barnabas McDonald in Lincolndale, New York. [1] It opened in 1912 for orphans to be trained for agricultural and industrial work.
Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 (Oxford UP, 1999). Cohen, Sol. Progressives and Urban School Reform: The Public Education Association of New York City 1895-1954 (1964) Commission on Educational Reconstruction. Organizing the Teaching Profession: The Story of the American Federation of Teachers (1955)