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Below is a partial list of proto-languages that have been reconstructed, ordered by geographic location. Africa. Proto-Afroasiatic. Proto-Semitic; Proto-Cushitic;
This category includes proto-languages and language families. Subcategories. This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. ...
For example, Latin is the proto-language of the Romance language family, which includes such modern languages as French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Catalan and Spanish. Likewise, Proto-Norse , the ancestor of the modern Scandinavian languages , is attested, albeit in fragmentary form, in the Elder Futhark .
Although all Indo-European languages descend from a common ancestor called Proto-Indo-European, the kinship between the subfamilies or branches (large groups of more closely related languages within the language family), that descend from other more recent proto-languages, is not the same because there are subfamilies that are closer or further ...
A language reconstructed in this way is often referred to as a proto-language (the common ancestor of all the languages in a given family). Texts discussing linguistic reconstruction commonly preface reconstructed forms with an asterisk (*) to distinguish them from attested forms.
Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; also called Common Germanic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages. Proto-Germanic eventually developed from pre-Proto-Germanic into three Germanic branches during the fifth century BC to fifth century AD: West Germanic, East Germanic and North Germanic. [1]
All roots ended in a consonant and, although less certain, they appear to have started with a consonant as well. [45] A root plus a suffix formed a word stem, and a word stem plus an inflectional ending formed a word. Proto-Indo-European was a fusional language, in which inflectional morphemes signaled the grammatical relationships between ...
The following is a table of many of the most fundamental Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) words and roots, ... (For some languages, especially Sanskrit, the basic ...