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The two systems are in general not compatible, which can result in rounding of nuts and bolts (i.e. using a 13 mm (0.51 in) spanner in place of a 1 ⁄ 2 inch (12.70 mm)). A few sizes are close enough to interchange for most purposes, such as 19 mm (close to 3 ⁄ 4 inch (19.05 mm)), 8 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 16 inch (7.94 mm)) and 4 mm (close to 5 ...
Even though #14 and #16 screws are still available, they are not as common as sizes #0 through #12. [citation needed] Sometimes "special" diameter and pitch combinations (UNS) are used, for example a 0.619 in (15.7 mm) major diameter with 20 threads per inch. UNS threads are rarely used for bolts, but rather on nuts, tapped holes, and threaded ODs.
They then rounded to 2 significant figures in metric and then converting to inches and rounding to the thousandth of an inch. This anticipated worldwide metrication by about a century. The design was first proposed by the British Association in 1884 [ 1 ] [ 2 ] with a thread angle and depth based on the Swiss Thury thread , [ 3 ] it was adopted ...
The construction firm responsible, Fox Henderson, decided to use nuts and bolts, but to use standardised sizes, a revolutionary method at the time. This enabled the building to be completed in time. The use of interchangeable nuts and bolts was so successful that the Whitworth standard was widely adopted.
The major minus pitch technique also works for inch-based threads, but you must first calculate the pitch by converting the fraction of threads-per-inch (TPI) into a decimal. For example, a screw with a pitch of 1/20 in (20 threads per inch) has a pitch of 0.050 in and a 1 ⁄ 13 in pitch (13 threads per inch) has a pitch of 0.077 in.
Square head cap screws up to and including 3 ⁄ 4 inch (19.05 mm) have a head 1 ⁄ 8 inch (3.175 mm) larger than the shank; screws larger than 3 ⁄ 4 inch (19.05 mm) have a head 1 ⁄ 4 inch (6.35 mm) larger than the shank. [9] In 1919, Dyke defined them as screws that are threaded all the way to the head. [10] socket screw
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A metric ISO screw thread is designated by the letter M followed by the value of the nominal diameter D (the maximum thread diameter) and the pitch P, both expressed in millimetres and separated by a dash or sometimes the multiplication sign, × (e.g. M8-1.25 or M8×1.25).
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