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A volume expander is a type of intravenous therapy that has the function of providing volume for the circulatory system. It may be used for fluid replacement or during surgery to prevent nausea and vomiting after surgery.
A hypothetical ring-opening process of cyclobutane to n-butane would result in a volumen expansion of approximately 15%. The polymerization of a cyclic compound causes therefore a smaller volume shrinkage because cyclic compounds are already relatively dense. It can be furthermore seen that the larger the ring, the larger the expansion.
The ideal Otto cycle is an example of an isochoric process when it is assumed that the burning of the gasoline-air mixture in an internal combustion engine car is instantaneous. There is an increase in the temperature and the pressure of the gas inside the cylinder while the volume remains the same.
If the expansion coefficient is known, the change in volume can be calculated = where / is the fractional change in volume (e.g., 0.002) and is the change in temperature (50 °C). The above example assumes that the expansion coefficient did not change as the temperature changed and the increase in volume is small compared to the original volume.
where p is the pressure, V is volume, n is the polytropic index, and C is a constant. The polytropic process equation describes expansion and compression processes which include heat transfer. The polytropic process equation describes expansion and compression processes which include heat transfer.
Another example is the reversible isothermal expansion (or compression) of an ideal gas from an initial volume V A and pressure P A to a final volume V B and pressure P B. As shown in Calculation of work, the heat transferred to the gas is = = .
Isobaric expansion of 2 cubic meters of air at 300 Kelvin to 4 cubic meters, causing the temperature to increase to 600 Kelvin while the pressure remains the same. In the first process example, a cylindrical chamber 1 m 2 in area encloses 81.2438 mol of an ideal diatomic gas of molecular mass 29 g mol −1 at 300 K. The surrounding gas is at 1 ...
For example, volume is related to the pressure and temperature of an ideal gas by ... thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to a ...