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Identity encompasses various aspects such as occupational, religious, national, ethnic or racial, gender, educational, generational, and political identities, among others. Identity serves multiple functions, acting as a "self-regulatory structure" that provides meaning, direction, and a sense of self-control.
Identity formation, also called identity development or identity construction, is a complex process in which humans develop a clear and unique view of themselves and of their identity. Self-concept , personality development , and values are all closely related to identity formation.
The psychology of self and identity is a subfield of Psychology that moves psychological research “deeper inside the conscious mind of the person and further out into the person’s social world.” [1] The exploration of self and identity subsequently enables the influence of both inner phenomenal experiences and the outer world in relation to the individual to be further investigated.
National identity is a person's identity or sense of belonging to one or more states or one or more nations. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is the sense of "a nation as a cohesive whole, as represented by distinctive traditions, culture, and language".
The sense of embodiment is critical to a person's conception of self. Embodiment is the understanding of the physical body and its relation to oneself. [5] The study of human embodiment currently has a large impact on the study of human cognition as a whole.
The psychology of self is the study of either the cognitive, conative or affective representation of one's identity, or the subject of experience. The earliest form of the Self in modern psychology saw the emergence of two elements, I and me, with I referring to the Self as the subjective knower and me referring to the Self as a subject that is known.
As child's sense of self develops, so does their ability to be successful in school and in social relationships. Just as self-esteem is how they feel about themselves, identity is how they thinks about themselves. A child with a strong sense of identity might state, “I am a short person, I like pizza, and I am funny.”
For example, consider two children with identical bicycles engaged in a race while their mother is watching. The two children have the same bicycle in one sense (qualitative identity) and the same mother in another sense (numerical identity). [3] This article is mainly concerned with numerical identity, which is the stricter notion.