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If the stimulus/background contrast is reversed, the toad prefers the trailing edge of the white stripe and often snaps behind it. Obviously, "off"-effects (rapid change in luminance from bright to dark) by the moving contrast borders play a guiding role. Generally, white square objects moving against a black background are more attractive as ...
Toad is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In popular culture ( folk taxonomy ), toads are distinguished from frogs by their drier, rougher skin and association with more terrestrial habitats. [ 3 ]
Xenophrys robusta, commonly known as the Bengal spadefoot toad, robust spadefoot toad, or white-lipped horned toad, is a species of toad found in eastern Nepal and north-eastern India. [2] It is associated with riparian vegetation in tropical moist forests.
The western toad (Anaxyrus boreas) is a large toad species, between 5.6 and 13 cm (2.2 and 5.1 in) long, native to western North America. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] A. boreas is frequently encountered during the wet season on roads, or near water at other times.
The cane toad is estimated to have a critical thermal maximum of 40–42 °C (104–108 °F) and a minimum of around 10–15 °C (50–59 °F). [43] The ranges can change due to adaptation to the local environment. [44] Cane toads from some populations can adjust their thermal tolerance within a few hours of encountering low temperatures. [45]
The eastern American toad (A. a. americanus) is a medium-sized toad usually ranging in size from 5–9 cm (2.0–3.5 in); [13] the record length for an eastern American toad is 11.1 cm (4.4 in). [14] The color and pattern is somewhat variable, especially for the females.
This diminutive toad is less than 5 cm (2 in) in length. [3] The starry night toad's coloration consists of irregular white patches dappled across a black background. The white markings can present as separate spots or as an interconnected mosaic. Their skin texture is defined by even coverage of warts. [4]
The colour is a fairly uniform shade of brown, olive-brown or greyish-brown, sometimes partly blotched or banded with a darker shade. The common toad tends to be sexually dimorphic with the females being browner and the males greyer. [16] The underside is a dirty white speckled with grey and black patches. [15] [17]