Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Dopamine receptors are implicated in many neurological processes, including motivational and incentive salience, cognition, memory, learning, and fine motor control, as well as modulation of neuroendocrine signaling. Abnormal dopamine receptor signaling and dopaminergic nerve function is implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. [2]
The dopamine neurons of the dopaminergic pathways synthesize and release the neurotransmitter dopamine. [2] [3] Enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa decarboxylase are required for dopamine synthesis. [4] These enzymes are both produced in the cell bodies of dopamine neurons. Dopamine is stored in the cytoplasm and vesicles in axon terminals.
Once in the synapse, dopamine binds to and activates dopamine receptors. [38] These can be postsynaptic dopamine receptors, which are located on dendrites (the postsynaptic neuron), or presynaptic autoreceptors (e.g., the D 2 sh and presynaptic D 3 receptors), which are located on the membrane of an axon terminal (the presynaptic neuron).
D 5 receptor is highly homologous to the D 1 receptor. Their amino acid sequences are 49% [6] to 80% [12] identical. D 5 receptor has a long C-terminus of 93 amino acids, accounting for 26% of the entire protein. In spite of the high degree of homology between D 5 and D 1 receptors, their c-terminus tails have little similarity. [12]
D 1 receptor has a high degree of structural homology to another dopamine receptor, D 5, and they both bind similar drugs. [13] As a result, none of the known orthosteric ligands is selective for the D 1 vs. the D 5 receptor, but the benzazepines generally are more selective for the D 1 and D 5 receptors versus the D 2-like family. [12]
Dopamine receptor antagonists can be divided into D 1-like receptor antagonists and D 2-like receptor antagonists. Ecopipam is an example of a D 1 -like receptor antagonist. At low doses, dopamine D 2 and D 3 receptor antagonists can preferentially block presynaptic dopamine D 2 and D 3 autoreceptors and thereby increase dopamine levels and ...
Dopamine receptor D 2, also known as D 2 R, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the DRD2 gene.After work from Paul Greengard's lab had suggested that dopamine receptors were the site of action of antipsychotic drugs, several groups, including those of Solomon H. Snyder and Philip Seeman used a radiolabeled antipsychotic drug to identify what is now known as the dopamine D 2 receptor. [5]
The dopamine receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptors superfamily with seven transmembrane domains. Dopamine receptors have five subtypes, D 1 through D 5, the subtypes can be divided into two subclasses due to their mechanism of action on adenylate cyclase enzyme, D 1-like receptors (D 1 and D 5) and D 2-like receptors (D 2, D ...