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Economies of scale is related to and can easily be confused with the theoretical economic notion of returns to scale. Where economies of scale refer to a firm's costs, returns to scale describe the relationship between inputs and outputs in a long-run (all inputs variable) production function.
Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...
The long-run cost curve is a cost function that models this minimum cost over time, meaning inputs are not fixed. Using the long-run cost curve, firms can scale their means of production to reduce the costs of producing the good. [1] There are three principal cost functions (or 'curves') used in microeconomic analysis:
Small-scale industry does not require much capital and high technology. I.T is suited to the traditional economic set-up. Cottage and small-scale industries do not use much imported material or equipment. The waste of large-scale industries, particularly the cotton, sugar and steel industries, can be used to make by-products. Home Decoration
The concept of diseconomies of scale is the opposite of economies of scale. It occurs when economies of scale become dysfunctional for a firm. [1] In business, diseconomies of scale [2] are the features that lead to an increase in average costs as a business grows beyond a certain size.
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The opposite condition may be referred to as negative economies (or diseconomies) of scale. If Y has a single output and prices are positive, then positive economies of scale are equivalent to increasing returns to scale. As with returns to scale, economies of scale may apply over a region.
To calculate equivalised income using the modified OECD equivalence scale, each member of the household is first given an equivalence value: 1.0 to the first adult; 0.5 to the second and each subsequent person aged 14 and over; 0.3 to each child aged under 14. [4] Single adult households are taken as the reference group and are given a value of 1.