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As plants have evolved and adapted their UV coloration, pollinators have also fine-tuned their individual adaptations to maximize their ability to target flowers for food. [8] The dynamic relationship between the pollinators and the pollinated has led to novel mutations and in some cases novel species. [ 1 ]
The first is to avoid damaging mutations caused by UV radiation, as the nucleus stores the genetic material of a cell. A key problem faced as photosynthetic organisms transitioned from ocean to land was avoiding excessive mutations caused by UV radiation, but by moving the nucleus in response to light, damage caused by UV light could be limited.
Similarly, short wave UV light works in the same way as ionizing radiation which can also induce mutations generating chromosomal rearrangements. When DNA absorbs short wave UV light, dimerizing and oxidative mutations can occur which can cause severe damage to the DNA sequence of an organism.
Ds elements have shown to cause a 4.1kB and 2.0 kB insertions. [13] The transposable elements were seen in progeny of plants that had undergone stress, and mutations caused by the insertion are like those caused by x-rays, UV light, or chemicals causing events like chromosome breakage and fusion. [2]
A postzygotic mutation (or post-zygotic mutation) is a change in an organism's genome that is acquired during its lifespan, instead of being inherited from its parent(s) through fusion of two haploid gametes. Mutations that occur after the zygote has formed can be caused by a variety of sources that fall under two classes: spontaneous mutations ...
An image of multiple chromosomes, taken from many cells. Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants. [1] [2] It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.
In Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum, the two taxa on which models are based, these mutations always affect adjacent verticils. This allows the characterization of three classes of mutation, according to which verticils are affected: Mutations in type A genes – These mutations affect the calyx and corolla, which are the outermost verticils.
The middle portion of the coleoptile is the area where the shoot curvature occurs. The Cholodny–Went hypothesis, developed in the early 20th century, predicts that in the presence of asymmetric light, auxin will move towards the shaded side and promote elongation of the cells on that side to cause the plant to curve towards the light source. [5]