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Synaptogenesis is the formation of synapses between neurons in the nervous system. Although it occurs throughout a healthy person's lifespan , an explosion of synapse formation occurs during early brain development , known as exuberant synaptogenesis . [ 1 ]
A model view of the synapse. Synaptic pruning, a phase in the development of the nervous system, is the process of synapse elimination that occurs between early childhood and the onset of puberty in many mammals, including humans. [1]
The development of the nervous system in humans, or neural development, or neurodevelopment involves the studies of embryology, developmental biology, and neuroscience.These describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the complex nervous system forms in humans, develops during prenatal development, and continues to develop postnatally.
The mean volume of mitochondria per neuron is 20% greater [18] The volume of glial cell nuclei for each neuron is 63% higher [18] Capillary density is increased. [22] Capillaries are wider (4.35 μm compared to 4.15 μm in controls) [18] Shorter distance exist between any part of the neuropil and a capillary (27.6 μm compared to 34.6 μm) [18]
An example of this mode of migration is in GnRH-expressing neurons, which make a long journey from their birthplace in the nose, through the forebrain, and into the hypothalamus. [30] Many of the mechanisms of this migration have been worked out, starting with the extracellular guidance cues [ 31 ] that trigger intracellular signaling.
The synaptotropic hypothesis, also called the synaptotrophic hypothesis, is a neurobiological hypothesis of neuronal growth and synapse formation. The hypothesis was first formulated by J.E. Vaughn in 1988, [1] and remains a focus of current research efforts. [2]
Two molecular mechanisms for synaptic plasticity involve the NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. Opening of NMDA channels (which relates to the level of cellular depolarization) leads to a rise in post-synaptic Ca 2+ concentration and this has been linked to long-term potentiation, LTP (as well as to protein kinase activation); strong depolarization of the post-synaptic cell completely ...
An axo-axonic synapse is a type of synapse, formed by one neuron projecting its axon terminals onto another neuron's axon. [1]Axo-axonic synapses have been found and described more recently than the other more familiar types of synapses, such as axo-dendritic synapses and axo-somatic synapses.