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2. Luminous efficacy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous_efficacy

   Luminous efficacy can be normalized by the maximum possible luminous efficacy to a dimensionless quantity called luminous efficiency.The distinction between efficacy and efficiency is not always carefully maintained in published sources, so it is not uncommon to see "efficiencies" expressed in lumens per watt, or "efficacies" expressed as a percentage.

3. Thermal management of high-power LEDs - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_management_of_high...

   LED power dissipation is modeled as a current source; thermal resistance is modeled as a resistor; and the ambient temperature is modeled as a voltage source. High power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can use 350 milliwatts or more in a single LED. Most of the electricity in an LED becomes heat rather than light (about 70% heat and 30% light). [1]

4. NEMA wattage label - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEMA_wattage_label

   "43" LED sticker—43 watts—Very common "46" LED sticker—46 watts—Very common; A label with a PS before the MH (e.g. 17 PSMH) on a MH sticker indicates that the fixture utilizes the newer pulse start technology, which uses different lamps than the older probe start technology. [1] [2] New Nema LED Sticker Uses For Led Street Light

5. LED lamp - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED_lamp

   A 230-volt LED filament lamp, with an E27 base. The filaments are visible as the eight yellow vertical lines. An assortment of LED lamps commercially available in 2010: floodlight fixtures (left), reading light (center), household lamps (center right and bottom), and low-power accent light (right) applications An 80W Chips on board (COB) LED module from an industrial light luminaire, thermally ...

6. European Union energy label - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_energy_label

   Every label of light sources, including light bulbs (halogen, compact fluorescent, etc.) or LED modules/lamps, contains the following information: the energy efficiency category from A to G; the electricity consumption of the lamp in kWh per 1000 hours; Where the energy efficiency category is given by this table: [14]

7. High-intensity discharge lamp - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-intensity_discharge_lamp

   Metal-halide (MH) lamps; Ceramic MH lamps; Sodium-vapor lamps; Xenon short-arc lamps; The light-producing element of these lamp types is a well-stabilized arc discharge contained within a refractory envelope arc tube with wall loading in excess of 3 watts per square centimetre (19 W/in 2). Mercury-vapor lamps were the first commercially ...

8. Light-emitting diode physics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode_physics

   A LED is a long-lived light source, but certain mechanisms can cause slow loss of efficiency of the device or sudden failure. The wavelength of the light emitted is a function of the band gap of the semiconductor material used; materials such as gallium arsenide , and others , with various trace doping elements , are used to produce different ...

9. Lumen maintenance - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumen_maintenance

   Lumen maintenance is the most useful gauge to determine the lifetime or useful light output rating of an LED light source.Unlike traditional light sources such as incandescent lamps, LEDs rarely fail outright and instead continue to emit light, albeit at slowly diminishing rate over time. [1]