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A paradoxical reaction (or paradoxical effect) is an effect of a chemical substance, such as a medical drug, that is opposite to what would usually be expected. An example of a paradoxical reaction is pain caused by a pain relief medication .
Ironic process theory (IPT), also known as the Pink elephant paradox [1] or White bear phenomenon, suggests that when an individual intentionally tries to avoid thinking a certain thought or feeling a certain emotion, a paradoxical effect is produced: the attempted avoidance not only fails in its object but in fact causes the thought or emotion to occur more frequently and more intensely. [2]
Reverse psychology, also known as strategic self-anticonformity, is a strategy that entails promoting a behavior that differs from the desired objective. While it can be used to control another person's conduct, it can also be used to manipulate them. Paradoxical interventions should not be used to directly target dangerous or criminogenic ...
For example, in 1987 Wegner, Schneider, Carter & White found that a single, pre-determined distracter (e.g., a red Volkswagen) was sufficient to eliminate the paradoxical effect post-testing. [9] Evidence from Bowers and Woody in 1996 [21] is supportive of the finding that hypnotized individuals produce no paradoxical effects. This rests on the ...
Abelson's paradox: Effect size may not be indicative of practical meaning. Accuracy paradox: Predictive models with a given level of accuracy may have greater predictive power than models with higher accuracy. Berkson's paradox: A complicating factor arising in statistical tests of proportions.
Paradoxical intention is mainly employed to combat discomfort associated with internal causes while fear of external stimuli can still be treated through conventional treatments such as systematic desensitisation, cognitive behavioural therapy, etc. For example, if the patient has a fear of public speaking, paradoxical intention would be ...
Reverse psychology is a technique ... Closely associated with reverse psychology in psychotherapy is the technique of "the Paradoxical ... the cause and effect are ...
The painting Stańczyk, which contains a depiction of the sad clown paradox. The sad clown paradox is the contradictory association, in performers, between comedy and mental disorders such as depression and anxiety.