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For example, in January 2001, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of PEGylated interferon-alpha in the USA; in this formulation, PEGylated interferon-alpha-2b (Pegintron), polyethylene glycol is linked to the interferon molecule to make the interferon last longer in the body.
The type-I interferons (IFN) are cytokines which play essential roles in inflammation, immunoregulation, tumor cells recognition, and T-cell responses. In the human genome, a cluster of thirteen functional IFN genes is located at the 9p21.3 cytoband over approximately 400 kb including coding genes for IFNα (IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNA4, IFNA5, IFNA6, IFNA7, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA13, IFNA14, IFNA16 ...
Interferon alfa-2b is an antiviral or antineoplastic drug. It is a recombinant form of the protein Interferon alpha-2 that was originally sequenced and produced recombinantly in E. coli [ 1 ] in the laboratory of Charles Weissmann at the University of Zurich , in 1980.
Interferon alfa or HuIFN-alpha-Le, trade name Multiferon, is a pharmaceutical drug composed of natural interferon alpha (IFN-α), obtained from the leukocyte fraction of human blood following induction with Sendai virus. Interferon alfa contains several naturally occurring IFN-α subtypes and is purified by affinity chromatography.
The gene encoding IFNα2, the IFNA2 gene, is clustered with all other type I IFN genes on chromosome 9 [8] and as all type I IFN genes, it is devoid of intron. [9] The open reading frame (coding sequence) of IFNA2 codes for a pre-protein of 188 amino acids with a 23 amino acid signal peptide allowing secretion of the mature protein.
Interferon beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNB1 gene. [5] The natural and recombinant protein forms have antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Interferon beta 1a (tradenames: Avonex and Rebif) and Interferon beta 1b (tradenames: Betaseron/Betaferon) are used as drugs.
Interferon beta-1a (also interferon beta 1-alpha) is a cytokine in the interferon family used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). [5] It is produced by mammalian cells, while interferon beta-1b is produced in modified E. coli. [6] Some research indicates that interferon injections may result in an 18–38% reduction in the rate of MS relapses. [7]
The interferon receptor is a molecule displayed on the surface of cells which interacts with extracellular interferons. Class II cytokine receptors bind type I, type II, and type III interferons. Class II cytokine receptors bind type I, type II, and type III interferons.