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Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), also called NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) or historically aspirin-induced asthma and Samter's Triad, is a long-term disease defined by three simultaneous symptoms: asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and intolerance of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Symptoms, which develop immediately to hours after ingesting any of various NSAIDs that inhibit COX-1, are: 1) exacerbations of asthmatic and rhinitis (see aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease) symptoms in individuals with a history of asthma or rhinitis and 2) exacerbation or first-time development of wheals or angioedema in individuals ...
The classification organizes the hypersensitivity reactions to NSAIDs into the following five categories: NSAIDs-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) is an acute (immediate to several hours) exacerbation of bronchoconstriction and other symptoms of asthma in individuals with a history of asthma and/or nasal congestion, rhinorrhea or other symptoms of rhinitis and sinusitis in individuals ...
NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease refers to the combination of NSAID intolerance, asthma, with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. [29] Lysine acetylsalicylate is used as a challenge test to diagnose NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease. Drops of lysine acetylsalicylate are instilled via pipette or spray to both nostrils.
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), also known as aspirin-induced asthma, affects up to 9% of asthmatics. [125] AERD consists of asthma, nasal polyps, sinus disease, and respiratory reactions to aspirin and other NSAID medications (such as ibuprofen and naproxen). [126]
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) alleviate pain by counteracting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme. [1] On its own, COX enzyme synthesizes prostaglandins, creating inflammation. In whole, the NSAIDs prevent the prostaglandins from ever being synthesized, reducing or eliminating the inflammation and resulting pain. [citation needed]
The reactions in AERD (Samter's triad) are due to inhibition of the COX-1 enzyme by aspirin, as well as other NSAIDs that are not salicylates. Dietary salicylates have not been shown to significantly affect COX-1. [10] AERD refers to NSAID sensitivity in conjunction with nasal polyps and asthma. [11]
Aspirin induced asthma, or aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, refers to situations where the use of aspirin worsen the asthma conditions. [34] Other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that inhibits the enzyme, cyclooxygenase-1, may also lead to an asthma attack.