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A natural-gas processing plant in Aderklaa, Austria. Natural-gas processing is a range of industrial processes designed to purify raw natural gas by removing contaminants such as solids, water, carbon dioxide (CO 2), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), mercury and higher molecular mass hydrocarbons to produce pipeline quality dry natural gas [1] for pipeline distribution and final use. [2]
Natural gas extraction also produces radioactive isotopes of polonium (Po-210), lead (Pb-210) and radon (Rn-220). Radon is a gas with initial activity from 5 to 200,000 becquerels per cubic meter of gas. It decays rapidly to Pb-210 which can build up as a thin film in gas extraction equipment. [140]
Schematic process flow diagram of a typical facility for processing raw natural gas to produce pipeline sales gas. Legend: Located at gas wells Located at gas processing plant; Red indicates final sales products; Blue indicates optional unit processes available; Notes: Condensate is also called natural gasoline or casinghead gasoline.
Drip gas, so named because it can be drawn off the bottom of small chambers (called drips) sometimes installed in pipelines from gas wells, is another name for natural-gas condensate, a naturally occurring form of gasoline obtained as a byproduct of natural gas extraction. It is also known as "condensate", "natural gasoline", "casing head gas ...
A diagram showing the geologic sources of alkane hydrocarbon gases which accompany the extraction of coal and crude oil, or which are themselves the target of extraction. Gas venting, more specifically known as natural-gas venting or methane venting, is the intentional and controlled release of gases containing alkane hydrocarbons ...
Illustrating inputs and outputs of steam reforming of natural gas, a process to produce hydrogen and CO 2 greenhouse gas that may be captured with CCS. Steam reforming or steam methane reforming (SMR) is a method for producing syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) by reaction of hydrocarbons with water. Commonly natural gas is the feedstock.
A schematic diagram of a demethanizer extracting hydrocarbon liquids from natural gas. Raw natural gas consists primarily of methane (CH 4), the shortest and lightest hydrocarbon molecule, along with various amounts of heavier hydrocarbon gases such as ethane (C 2 H 6), propane (C 3 H 8), normal butane (n-C 4 H 10), isobutane (i-C 4 H 10), pentanes and even higher-molecular-mass hydrocarbons.
Supersonic gas separation is a technology to remove one or several gaseous components out of a mixed gas (typically raw natural gas).The process condensates the target components by cooling the gas through expansion in a Laval nozzle and then separates the condensates from the dried gas through an integrated cyclonic gas/liquid separator.