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According to Newtonian mechanics, if the gun and shooter are at rest initially, the force on the bullet will be equal to that on the gun-shooter. This is due to Newton's third law of motion (For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction). Consider a system where the gun and shooter have a combined mass m g and the bullet has a mass m b.
Therefore, with equal or greater mass retention, the bullet proves to exhibit a higher sectional density necessary for sufficient penetration throughout its intended range. In the real world, where people make some occasional mistakes in judgement, flat pointed bullets can have some forgiving advantages. Bullets fail in a variety of ways.
Newton's laws are often stated in terms of point or particle masses, that is, bodies whose volume is negligible. This is a reasonable approximation for real bodies when the motion of internal parts can be neglected, and when the separation between bodies is much larger than the size of each.
The earliest known ballistic projectiles were stones, spears, and the throwing stick.. Gaetano Marzagaglia, Del calcolo balistico, 1748. The oldest evidence of stone-tipped projectiles, which may or may not have been propelled by a bow (c.f. atlatl), dating to c. 280,000 years ago, were found in Ethiopia, present day East Africa. [1]
The physics affecting the bullet once it leaves the barrel is termed external ballistics. The primary factors affecting the aerodynamics of a bullet in flight are the bullet's shape and the rotation imparted by the rifling of the gun barrel. [34] Rotational forces stabilize the bullet gyroscopically as well as aerodynamically. Any asymmetry in ...
Most mass shooting statistics do not include ones undertaken by foreign terrorists. The term "mass killings" has a similar definition. Akron shooting: At least 1 dead, ...
The general formula for the kinetic energy is =, where v is the velocity of the bullet and m is the mass of the bullet. Although both mass and velocity contribute to the muzzle energy, the muzzle energy is proportional to the mass while proportional to the square of the velocity. The velocity of the bullet is a more important determinant of ...
According to the U.S. Department of Justice, the FBI defines a “mass shooting” as any incident in which at least four people are murdered with a gun. Notably, this definition requires that ...