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A sialogogue (also spelled sialagogue, ptysmagogue or ptyalagogue) is a substance, especially a medication, that increases the flow rate of saliva. [1] The definition focuses on substances that promote production or secretion of saliva (proximal causation) rather than any food that is mouthwatering (distal causation that triggers proximal causation).
It has also been defined as increased amount of saliva in the mouth, which may also be caused by decreased clearance of saliva. [4] Hypersalivation can contribute to drooling if there is an inability to keep the mouth closed or difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) the excess saliva, which can lead to excessive spitting.
It increases the production of saliva. [2] Side effects ... Pilocarpine — a similar parasympathomimetic medication for dry mouth ...
Over 400 medications are associated with xerostomia. [8] Although drug induced xerostomia is commonly reversible, the conditions for which these medications are prescribed are frequently chronic. [8] The likelihood of xerostomia increases in relation to the total number of medications taken, whether the individual medications are xerogenic or ...
Buccal tablets are also not preferred for drugs that require extended-release. [17] Absorption of drugs via the buccal membrane may not be suitable for all patients. Due to possible undesirable side effects and loss of drug effectiveness, buccal tablets must not be crushed, chewed, or swallowed under any circumstances.
Anticholinergics generally have antisialagogue effects (decreasing saliva production), and most produce some level of sedation, both being advantageous in surgical procedures. [8] [9] Until the beginning of the 20th century, anticholinergic drugs were widely used to treat psychiatric disorders. [10]
Dopamine receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are prominent in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) and are implicated in many neurological processes, including motivational and incentive salience, cognition, memory, learning, and fine motor control, as well as modulation of neuroendocrine signaling.
Common side effects of the eye drops include irritation of the eye, increased tearing, headache, and blurry vision. [1] Other side effects include allergic reactions and retinal detachment. [1] Use is generally not recommended during pregnancy. [10] Pilocarpine is in the miotics family of medication. [11]