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IBM 407 (left) with IBM 519 (on right). The 407 read punched cards, totaled fields on the cards, made simple decisions, printed results, and, with the aid of a summary punch, output results on punched cards that could be input to other processing steps. The operation of the 407 was directed by the use of a removable control panel and a carriage ...
For most machines with control panels, from collators, interpreters, to the IBM 407, IBM manuals describe the control panel as "directing" or "automatic operation was obtained by...". The control panels of calculators, such as the IBM 602 and IBM 604, that specified a sequence of operations, were described as being programs.
IBM 402 and 403, from 1948, were modernized successors to the 405. Control panel for an IBM 402 Accounting Machine. The 1952 Bull Gamma 3 could be attached to this tabulator or to a card read/punch. [20] [21] IBM 407. Introduced in 1949, the 407 was the mainstay of the IBM unit record product line for almost three decades.
The operation of Hollerith/BTM/IBM/Bull tabulators and many other types of unit record equipment was directed by a control panel. [85] Operation of Powers-Samas/Remington Rand unit record equipment was directed by a connection box. [86] Control panels had a rectangular array of holes called hubs which were organized into groups.
The 402 and 403 were primarily controlled by a removable control panel. Additional controls included a carriage control tape and mechanical levers called hammersplits and hammerlocks, that controlled some printing functions. [1] Both the IBM 402 and IBM 403 were considered smaller models of the prior model IBM 405.
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A single program deck, with individual subroutines marked. The markings show the effects of editing, as cards are replaced or reordered. Many early programming languages, including FORTRAN, COBOL and the various IBM assembler languages, used only the first 72 columns of a card – a tradition that traces back to the IBM 711 card reader used on the IBM 704/709/7090/7094 series (especially the ...