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Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a rare inherited eye disease that appears at birth or in the first few months of life. [2]It affects about 1 in 40,000 newborns. [1] LCA was first described by Theodor Leber in the 19th century.
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), also called retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) and Terry syndrome, is a disease of the eye affecting prematurely born babies generally having received neonatal intensive care, in which oxygen therapy is used because of the premature development of their lungs. [2]
Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), also known as persistent fetal vasculature syndrome (PFVS), and until 1997 known primarily as persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), [1] is a rare congenital anomaly which occurs when blood vessels within the developing eye, known as the embryonic hyaloid vasculature network, fail to regress as they normally would in-utero after the eye is fully ...
The causes are vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy, followed by low transfer of vitamin A during lactation and infant/child diets low in vitamin A or beta-carotene. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The prevalence of pre-school age children who are blind due to vitamin A deficiency is lower than expected from incidence of new cases only because childhood vitamin A ...
People that are pregnant from families with a history of congenital blindness will be closely monitored and need to carry out genetic testing in order to identify whether there is a mutation or not. Red reflex testing is done in neonates, infants, and children to assess eye and vision function. [ 26 ]
Unlike hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, NAIT occurs during the first pregnancy in up to 50% of cases, [1] and the affected fetuses may develop severe thrombocytopenia (<50,000 μL −1) very early during pregnancy (as early as 20 weeks gestation, consistent with the development of platelet antigens, [1] and the majority of the time ...
In 1990, the causes of amaurosis fugax were better refined by the Amaurosis Fugax Study Group, which has defined five distinct classes of transient monocular blindness based on their supposed cause: embolic, hemodynamic, ocular, neurologic, and idiopathic (or "no cause identified"). [8]
Night blindness is a symptom in many patients and diagnosis often occurs through the use of various tests including a electroretinogram to reveal any impairment in the retina "as a whole". [ 37 ] [ 38 ] [ 39 ] Tests performed can also include a visual field examination, Fundoscopic examination, and slit-lamp microscopy in addition to ...