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Kyrgyzstan introduced sukuk into its securities law in 2016, but the first sukuk (a privately placed Mudarabah sukuk) was only issued in 2023, [102] followed by a number of issues of Sukuk al-Wakalah Bi Al-Istithmar, an investment agency certificate. Kyrgyzstan’s government set a goal to make the Kyrgyz Republic an Islamic finance hub.
The sukuk market began to take off around 2000 and as of 2013, sukuk represent 0.25 percent of global bond markets. [197] The value of the total outstanding sukuk as of the end of 2014 was $294 billion, with $188 billion from Asia, and $95.5 billion from the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council [Note 13]
Of these $342 billion were sukuk. The market for Islamic Sukuk bonds in that year was made up of 2,354 sukuk issues, [89] and had become strong enough that several non-Muslim majority states – UK, Hong Kong, [90] and Luxemburg [91] – issued sukuk. There are multiple Shari'ah-compliant indexes, created by Shari'ah screening of companies.
Other sources include sukuk (also called "Islamic bonds") [1] and direct equity investment (such as purchase of common shares of stock) as types of PLS. [ 1 ] The profits and losses shared in PLS are those of a business enterprise or person which/who has obtained capital from the Islamic bank/financial institution (the terms "debt", "borrow ...
There are also Islamic investment funds and sukuk (Islamic bonds) that use murabahah contracts. [4] The purpose of murabaha is to finance a purchase without involving interest payments, which most Muslims (particularly most scholars) consider riba and thus haram (forbidden). [5]
Islamic bonds, or sukuk, use asset returns to pay investors to comply with the religion's ban on interest and are currently traded privately on the over-the-counter market. In late December 2009 Bursa Malaysia announced it was considering enabling individuals to trade Shariah-compliant debt on its exchange as part of a plan to attract new ...
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According to at least one author (Monzer Kahf), Mu'amalat "sets terms and conditions of conduct for economic and financial relationships in the Islamic economy" and provides the "grounds on which new instruments" of Islamic financing are developed. It also extends beyond discussions of Islamic legality "to the social and economic repercussions ...