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Fourteen such rods, including one double cubit rod, were described and compared by Lepsius in 1865. [7] These cubit rods range from 523.5 to 529.2 mm (20 + 5 ⁄ 8 to 20 + 27 ⁄ 32 in) in length and are divided into seven palms; each palm is divided into four fingers, and the fingers are further subdivided. [8] [7] [9]
William Smith (1851) gives a value of 0.9708 English feet, or about 295.9 mm. [2] An accepted modern value is 296 mm. [3] That foot is also called the pes monetalis to distinguish it from the pes Drusianus (about 333 or 335 mm) sometimes used in some provinces, particularly Germania Inferior.
One cubit is originally the length from someone's elbow to the tip of their middle finger; it usually translates to approximately half a metre ±10%, with an ancient Roman cubit being as long as 120 cm. One cubit was equal to 6–7 palms, one palm being the width of a hand not including the thumb.
One cubit was equal to 0.464 m (18.5 in). [2] The Bam̆ba (Fathom), still in use as of 2016, is the distance between a man's outstretched arms. It is roughly 6 feet in length. "Bam̆ba" is usually used to measure depth in wells and pits. [1]
Historic standard units of the city of Regensburg: from left to right, a fathom (Klafter), foot (Schuch) and ell (Öln). Prussian ell. An ell (from Proto-Germanic *alinō, cognate with Latin ulna) [1] is a northwestern European unit of measurement, originally understood as a cubit (the combined length of the forearm and extended hand).
square foot hexapodēs ἑξαπόδης: 36 podes 3.42 m 2 (36.8 sq ft) square six-foot akaina ἄκαινα: 100 podes 9.50 m 2 (102.3 sq ft) rod hēmiektos ἡμίεκτος: 833 + 1 ⁄ 3 podes 79.2 m 2 (853 sq ft) half a sixth hektos ἕκτος: 1,666 + 2 ⁄ 3 podes 158.3 m 2 (1,704 sq ft) a sixth of a plethron aroura ἄρουρα ...
The rulers are also divided into hands [5] so that for example one foot is given as three hands and fifteen fingers and also as four palms and sixteen fingers. [6] [3] [7] [8] [9] [5] Cubit rod from the Turin Museum. Surveying and itinerant measurement were undertaken using rods, poles, and knotted cords of rope.
The hand, sometimes also called a handbreadth or handsbreadth, is an anthropic unit, originally based on the breadth of a male human hand, either with or without the thumb, [2] or on the height of a clenched fist. [9] On surviving Ancient Egyptian cubit-rods, the royal cubit is divided into seven palms of four digits or fingers each. [10]