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Fourteen such rods, including one double cubit rod, were described and compared by Lepsius in 1865. [7] These cubit rods range from 523.5 to 529.2 mm (20 + 5 ⁄ 8 to 20 + 27 ⁄ 32 in) in length and are divided into seven palms; each palm is divided into four fingers, and the fingers are further subdivided. [8] [7] [9]
One cubit is originally the length from someone's elbow to the tip of their middle finger; it usually translates to approximately half a metre ±10%, with an ancient Roman cubit being as long as 120 cm. One cubit was equal to 6–7 palms, one palm being the width of a hand not including the thumb.
The rulers are also divided into hands [5] so that for example one foot is given as three hands and fifteen fingers and also as four palms and sixteen fingers. [6] [3] [7] [8] [9] [5] Cubit rod from the Turin Museum. Surveying and itinerant measurement were undertaken using rods, poles, and knotted cords of rope.
One cubit was equal to 0.464 m (18.5 in). [2] The Bam̆ba (Fathom), still in use as of 2016, is the distance between a man's outstretched arms. It is roughly 6 feet in length. "Bam̆ba" is usually used to measure depth in wells and pits. [1]
square foot hexapodēs ἑξαπόδης: 36 podes 3.42 m 2 (36.8 sq ft) square six-foot akaina ἄκαινα: 100 podes 9.50 m 2 (102.3 sq ft) rod hēmiektos ἡμίεκτος: 833 + 1 ⁄ 3 podes 79.2 m 2 (853 sq ft) half a sixth hektos ἕκτος: 1,666 + 2 ⁄ 3 podes 158.3 m 2 (1,704 sq ft) a sixth of a plethron aroura ἄρουρα ...
The hand, sometimes also called a handbreadth or handsbreadth, is an anthropic unit, originally based on the breadth of a male human hand, either with or without the thumb, [2] or on the height of a clenched fist. [9] On surviving Ancient Egyptian cubit-rods, the royal cubit is divided into seven palms of four digits or fingers each. [10]
Historic standard units of the city of Regensburg: from left to right, a fathom (Klafter), foot (Schuch) and ell (Öln). Prussian ell. An ell (from Proto-Germanic *alinō, cognate with Latin ulna) [1] is a northwestern European unit of measurement, originally understood as a cubit (the combined length of the forearm and extended hand).
Zoll – Inch, usually 1 ⁄ 12 foot, but also 1 ⁄ 10. Fuss – Foot, varied between 23.51 cm in Wesel and 40.83 cm in Trier. Rheinfuss – Rhine foot, used in the North, 31.387 cm; Elle – Ell / cubit, distance between elbow and finger tip. In the North, often 2 feet, In Prussia 17 ⁄ 8 feet, in the South variable, often 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 feet.