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Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. ONH (17 August 1887 - 10 June 1940) was a Jamaican political activist. He was the founder and first President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL, commonly known as UNIA), through which he declared himself Provisional President of Africa.
On the witness stand, Garvey admitted that $600,000 ($10,922,000 in 2024) had been "blown to the wind". [10] The jury convicted only Garvey, but not the other three officers, and he was sentenced to five years in prison. In 1927, President Calvin Coolidge deported Garvey back to Jamaica. The Black Star Line ceased sailing in February 1922.
Official Blog of the UNIA: Millions For Marcus Garvey on Facebook; The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Project; Marcus Garvey: The Official Site; Gale Group guide to UNIA; American Series Sample Documents Archived 2015-06-03 at the Wayback Machine—Volume I: 1826 – August 1919; 1918 UNIA Constitution
Garvey called for collaboration between black and white separatists, stating that they shared common goals: "the purification of the races, their autonomous separation and the unbridled freedom of self-development and self-expression.
Indeed, black separatism's specific goals were historically in flux and they also varied from group to group. Martin Delany in the 19th century and Marcus Garvey in the 1920s outspokenly called for African Americans to return to Africa, by moving to Liberia. Benjamin "Pap" Singleton looked to form separatist colonies in the American West.
It was formed in 1929 by Marcus Garvey. [1] The PPP set out a 14 point manifesto—the first of its kind in the island's electoral history. The points contained in the PPP's manifesto were far-reaching and perceptive as illustrated by a few of them, such as: An eight-hour work day; A minimum wage; A larger share of self-government
Negro Factories Corporation of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League, was the "finance arm", [1] capitalized for $1 million, [2] offering stock shares, at $5 each, [2] for African-Americans to buy, [3] to provide loans to establish black-owned businesses.
Under the editorship of Amy Jacques Garvey the paper featured a full page called "Our Women and What They Think". Negro World also played an important part in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. The paper was a focal point for publication on the arts and African-American culture, including poetry, [ 8 ] commentary on theatre and music, and ...