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CAMP test is shown at bottom left. The CAMP test (Christie–Atkins–Munch-Petersen) is a test to identify group B β-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) [1] [2] based on their formation of a substance, CAMP factor, [3] that enlarges the area of hemolysis formed by the β-hemolysin elaborated from Staphylococcus aureus.
Hemolyses of Streptococcus spp. (left) α-hemolysis (S. mitis); (middle) β-hemolysis (S. pyogenes); (right) γ-hemolysis (non-hemolytic, S. salivarius) Hemolysis is the breakdown of red blood cells. The ability of bacterial colonies to induce hemolysis when grown on blood agar is used to classify certain microorganisms.
Streptococcus pyogenes, or GAS, displays beta hemolysis. Some weakly beta-hemolytic species cause intense hemolysis when grown together with a strain of Staphylococcus. This is called the CAMP test. Streptococcus agalactiae displays this property. Clostridium perfringens can be identified presumptively with this test.
This group is referred to as alpha-hemolysis because the cell membrane of red blood cells is left intact. [2] When cultured, alpha-hemolysis can be deemed present when the agar gel appears greenish. [2] Identifying and diagnosing alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus is done with a sputum gram stain and culture test. [5]
Streptococcus agalactiae (also known as group B streptococcus or GBS) is a gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) with a tendency to form chains (as reflected by the genus name Streptococcus). It is a beta- hemolytic , catalase -negative, and facultative anaerobe .
Group A streptococcal infections are a number of infections with Streptococcus pyogenes, a group A streptococcus (GAS). [1] S. pyogenes is a species of beta-hemolytic Gram-positive bacteria that is responsible for a wide range of infections that are mostly common and fairly mild. If the bacteria enters the bloodstream, the infection can become ...
GBS is also able to hydrolyze hippurate, and this test can also be used to identify GBS. [6] Hemolytic GBS strains, when cultivated on granada medium after 24-48h at 35-37 °C, produce and develop as orange-brick or red colonies that allow its straightforward and unequivocal identification. [9]
Streptococcus pneumoniae can be differentiated from the viridans streptococci, some of which are also alpha-hemolytic, using an optochin test, as S. pneumoniae is optochin-sensitive. S. pneumoniae can also be distinguished based on its sensitivity to lysis by bile, the so-called "bile solubility test".