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Fraser fir appears at 5,500 feet and becomes the dominant tree type at 6,200 feet (1,900 m). [4] [7] The two trees can be distinguished by their needles and cones, with Fraser firs having blunt-shaped needles and upright cones and red spruces having prickly four-cornered needles and cones pointing downward. [8]
The great majority of conifer genera and species are evergreen, retaining their leaves for several (2–40) years before falling, but unusual deciduous conifers occur in five genera (Larix, Pseudolarix, Glyptostrobus, Metasequoia and Taxodium), shedding their leaves in autumn and leafless through the winter.
Larches are deciduous conifers in the genus Larix, of the family Pinaceae (subfamily Laricoideae).Growing from 20 to 50 metres (65 to 165 feet) tall, [1] they are native to the cooler regions of the northern hemisphere, where they are found in lowland forests in the high latitudes, and high in mountains further south.
The Conifer Garden displays over 200 species of conifers including both trees and shrubs. The collection includes pines, spruces, firs, larches, yews, junipers, cedars, cypresses, and sequoias as well as some deciduous conifers such as the Bald Cypress. [2]
In terms of biodiversity, the only comparable temperate deciduous forest regions in the world are in central China, Japan, and in the Caucasus Mountains.Both the Appalachians (along with the neighbouring Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests ecoregion) and central China contain relict habitats of an ancient forest that was once widespread over the Northern Hemisphere.
Giant sequoia. Silvics of North America (1991), [1] a forest inventory compiled and published by the United States Forest Service, includes many conifers. [a] It superseded Silvics of Forest Trees of the United States (1965), which was the first extensive American tree inventory. [3]
Species of Taxodium occur in the southern part of the North American continent and are deciduous in the north and semi-evergreen to evergreen in the south. They are large trees , reaching 100–150 ft (30–46 m) tall and 6.5–10 ft (2–3 m) (exceptionally 36 ft or 11 m) trunk diameter.
The related east Gulf coastal plain northern mesic hardwood slope forest occurs to the north and has more deciduous trees. [14] On the inland east Gulf coastal plain, mesic slope forest consists of deciduous hardwood forests found in slopes and ravines. They inhabit mesic sites between drier uplands and moister streams.