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As a chiral derivatizing agent, it reacts with an alcohol or amine [5] of unknown stereochemistry to form an ester or amide. The absolute configuration of the ester or amide is then determined by proton and/or 19 F NMR spectroscopy. Mosher's acid chloride, the acid chloride form, is sometimes used because it has better reactivity. [6]
The Monsanto process is an industrial method for the manufacture of acetic acid by catalytic carbonylation of methanol. [1] The Monsanto process has largely been supplanted by the Cativa process, a similar iridium-based process developed by BP Chemicals Ltd, which is more economical and environmentally friendly.
The Cativa process is a method for the production of acetic acid by the carbonylation of methanol. The technology, which is similar to the Monsanto process, was developed by BP Chemicals and is under license by BP Plc. [1]: 293–307 The process is based on an iridium-containing catalyst, such as the complex [Ir(CO) 2 I 2] − (1).
The following figure shows the reaction mechanism: [2] Reaktionsmechanismus Albright-Goldman-Oxidation. First, dimethyl sulfoxide (1) reacts with acetic anhydride to form a sulfonium ion. It reacts with the primary alcohol in an addition reaction. Furthermore, acetic acid is cleaved, so that intermediate 2 is formed. The latter reacts upon ...
Thioacetic acid is an organosulfur compound with the molecular formula CH 3 C(O)SH. It is a thioic acid: the sulfur analogue of acetic acid (CH 3 C(O)OH), as implied by the thio-prefix. It is a yellow liquid with a strong thiol-like odor. It is used in organic synthesis for the introduction of thiol groups (−SH) in molecules. [4]
The reaction mechanism [5] begins with the protonation of the alcohol which leaves in an E1 reaction to form the allene from the alkyne. Attack of a water molecule on the carbocation and deprotonation is followed by tautomerization to give the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound. Edens et al. have investigated the reaction mechanism. [6]
The reaction from ethanol to carbon dioxide and water proceeds in at least 11 steps in humans. C 2 H 6 O (ethanol) is converted to C 2 H 4 O (acetaldehyde), then to C 2 H 4 O 2 (acetic acid), then to acetyl-CoA. Once acetyl-CoA is formed, it is free to enter directly into the citric acid cycle (TCA) and is converted to 2 CO 2 molecules in 8 ...
The reaction mechanism of the Mitsunobu reaction is fairly complex. The identity of intermediates and the roles they play has been the subject of debate. Initially, the triphenyl phosphine (2) makes a nucleophilic attack upon diethyl azodicarboxylate (1) producing a betaine intermediate 3, which deprotonates the carboxylic acid (4) to form the ion pair 5.