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Layers of the Alimentary Canal.The wall of the alimentary canal has four basic tissue layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The enteric nervous system in humans consists of some 500 million neurons [11] (including the various types of Dogiel cells), [1] [12] 0.5% of the number of neurons in the brain, five times as many as the one hundred million neurons in the human spinal ...
The fibers are carried by both the anterior and posterior vagal nerves. The myenteric plexus is the major nerve supply to the gastrointestinal tract and controls GI tract motility. [1] According to preclinical studies, 30% of myenteric plexus' neurons are enteric sensory neurons, thus Auerbach's plexus has also a sensory component. [2] [3]
They supply the rectus abdominis and end as the anterior cutaneous branches of the abdomen; they supply the skin of the front of the abdomen. The lower intercostal nerves supply the intercostales and abdominal muscles; the last three send branches to the serratus posterior inferior. About the middle of their course they give off lateral ...
The celiac plexus is often popularly referred to as the solar plexus. In the context of sparring or injury, a strike to the region of the stomach around the celiac plexus is commonly called a blow "to the solar plexus". In this case it is not the celiac plexus itself being referred to, but rather the region around it.
Hepatic branches which supply the liver, [3] [1] gallbladder, and biliary apparatus. [1] Celiac branches which contributes parasympathetic afferents to the celiac plexus. [1] Anterior gastric branches which supply the stomach. [3] [1] Anterior and posterior nerves of Latarjet which innervate the pylorus, and proximal duodenum. [1]
The esophagus is innervated by the vagus nerve and the cervical and thoracic sympathetic trunk. [6] The vagus nerve has a parasympathetic function, supplying the muscles of the esophagus and stimulating glandular contraction. Two sets of nerve fibers travel in the vagus nerve to supply the muscles.
As the main vagus nerves continue into the thorax they become intimately linked with the esophagus and sympathetic nerves from the sympathetic trunks to form the esophageal plexus. This is very efficient as the major function of the vagus nerve from there on will be control of the gut smooth muscles and glands.
The human stomach has receptors responsive to sodium glutamate [38] and this information is passed to the lateral hypothalamus and limbic system in the brain as a palatability signal through the vagus nerve. [39] The stomach can also sense, independently of tongue and oral taste receptors, glucose, [40] carbohydrates, [41] proteins, [41] and ...