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The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington, which ripped apart the volcano's summit, was a Plinian eruption of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 5. [ 3 ] The strongest types of eruptions, with a VEI of 8, are so-called "Ultra-Plinian" eruptions, such as the one at Lake Toba 74 thousand years ago, which put out 2800 times the material ...
On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging, and because most of Earth's plate boundaries are underwater, most volcanoes are found underwater. For example, a mid-ocean ridge , such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge , has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates whereas the Pacific Ring of Fire has ...
Augustine Volcano (Alaska) during its eruptive phase on January 24, 2006. A volcano is commonly defined as a vent or fissure in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
Name Elevation Location Last eruption meters feet Coordinates; Malumalu: Last 8,000 years Ta‘u-931: 3054: 30,000 years ago [15]: Ofu-Olosega: 639: 2096: 1866 unnamed submarine cone eruption
List of volcanoes in Europe; List of volcanoes in Armenia; List of volcanoes in France; List of volcanoes in Germany; List of volcanoes in Georgia (country) List of volcanoes in Greece; List of volcanoes in Iceland; List of volcanoes in Italy; List of volcanoes in the Netherlands; List of volcanoes in North Macedonia; List of volcanoes in Norway
Volcanoes are usually mountains (sometimes islands, lakes, plateaus, calderas, seamounts or lava domes) that are formed when magma (liquid rock) wells up from inside the Earth. There are also analogous formations away from the Earth. Many volcanoes are categorized both as volcanoes and other landforms, such as mountains (if qualified).
On 4 November 2024, the volcano spewed molten debris at several villages some 4 km (2.5 mi) away, destroying homes and killing at least nine. [74] The Centre of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation recommended that a 7 km (4.3 mi) radius around the volcano be evacuated. [75] Seven villages were affected by the eruption. [76]
The classical world of Greece and the early Roman Empire explained volcanoes as sites of various gods. Greeks considered that Hephaestus, the god of fire, sat below the volcano Etna, forging the weapons of Zeus. The Greek word used to describe volcanoes was etna, or hiera, after Heracles, the son of Zeus.
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