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Sometimes: cranial accessory, spinal accessory. Mainly motor Cranial and Spinal Roots Located in the jugular foramen. Controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, and overlaps with functions of the vagus nerve (CN X). Symptoms of damage: inability to shrug, weak head movement. XII Hypoglossal: Mainly motor Medulla
Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), of which there are conventionally considered twelve pairs. Cranial nerves relay information between the brain and parts of the body, primarily to and from regions of the head and neck , including the special senses of vision , taste , smell , and hearing .
The cranial component rapidly joins the vagus nerve, and there is ongoing debate about whether the cranial part should be considered part of the accessory nerve proper. [ 2 ] [ 1 ] Consequently, the term "accessory nerve" usually refers only to nerve supplying the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, also called the spinal accessory nerve .
Ten of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves [a] emerge directly from the brainstem. [38] The brainstem also contains many cranial nerve nuclei and nuclei of peripheral nerves, as well as nuclei involved in the regulation of many essential processes including breathing, control of eye movements and balance.
The first 4 cervical spinal nerves, C1 through C4, split and recombine to produce a variety of nerves that serve the neck and back of head. Spinal nerve C1 is called the suboccipital nerve, which provides motor innervation to muscles at the base of the skull. C2 and C3 form many of the nerves of the neck, providing both sensory and motor control.
This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total. A. Abducens nerve (6 P) Accessory nerve (6 P) F. ... Pages in category "Cranial nerves"
Nerves that exit from the brain are called cranial nerves while those exiting from the spinal cord are called spinal nerves. The nervous system consists of nervous tissue which, at a cellular level, is defined by the presence of a special type of cell, called the neuron. Neurons have special structures that allow them to send signals rapidly ...
Composition and central connections of the spinal nerves; Pathways from the brain to the spinal cord; The meninges of the brain and medulla spinalis; The cerebrospinal fluid; The cranial nerves. The olfactory nerves; The optic nerve; The oculomotor nerve; The trochlear nerve; The trigeminal nerve; The abducens nerve; The facial nerve; The ...