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Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelated entities.
Download as PDF; Printable version; ... 10 ± 2 denotes an unknown value that lies between 8 and 12. ... Bra–ket notation or Dirac notation: ...
The symbols A and B are "stand-ins" for strings; this form of notation is called an "axiom schema" (i.e., there is a countable number of specific forms the notation could take). This can be read in a manner similar to IF-THEN but with a difference: given symbol string IF A and A implies B THEN B (and retain only B for further use).
For example, the set of integers modulo 12 has twelve elements; it inherits an addition operation from the integers that is central to musical set theory. The set of integers modulo 2 has just two elements; the addition operation it inherits is known in Boolean logic as the " exclusive or " function.
In mathematical analysis and in probability theory, a σ-algebra ("sigma algebra"; also σ-field, where the σ comes from the German "Summe" [1]) on a set X is a nonempty collection Σ of subsets of X closed under complement, countable unions, and countable intersections. The ordered pair (,) is called a measurable space.
When z is 1, the function is called the sigma function or sum-of-divisors function, [1] [3] and the subscript is often omitted, so σ(n) is the same as σ 1 (n) (OEIS: A000203). The aliquot sum s ( n ) of n is the sum of the proper divisors (that is, the divisors excluding n itself, OEIS : A001065 ), and equals σ 1 ( n ) − n ; the aliquot ...
Mathematical notation consists of using symbols for representing operations, unspecified numbers, relations, and any other mathematical objects and assembling them into expressions and formulas. Mathematical notation is widely used in mathematics , science , and engineering for representing complex concepts and properties in a concise ...
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