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Vitamin B 12 is absorbed by a B 12-specific transport proteins or via passive diffusion. [12] Transport-mediated absorption and tissue delivery is a complex process involving three transport proteins: haptocorrin (HC), intrinsic factor (IF) and transcobalamin II (TC2), and respective membrane receptor proteins. HC is present in saliva.
Orally administered vitamin B 12 is absorbed without intrinsic factor, but at levels of less than one percent than if intrinsic factor is present. [21] Despite the low amounts absorbed, oral vitamin B 12 therapy is effective at reducing symptoms of pernicious anemia. [22]
The same cells in the stomach that produce gastric hydrochloric acid, the parietal cells, also produce a molecule called the intrinsic factor (IF), which binds the B 12 after its release from haptocorrin by digestion, and without which only 1% of vitamin B 12 is absorbed. Intrinsic factor (IF) is a glycoprotein, with a molecular weight of 45 kDa.
Pernicious anemia, or Addison's anemia, is an autoimmune disease which decreases red blood cell count, caused by the body's inability to properly absorb vitamin B12. It can cause diarrhea, pale ...
A vitamin B12 level of less than 200 pg/mL is considered deficient. Treatment. ... “As you age, your ability to absorb vitamin B12 may decline so I often recommend up to 1,000 mcg per day.” ...
It primarily serves to protect cobalamin (Vitamin B12) from acid degradation in the stomach by producing a HC-Vitamin B 12 complex. Once the complex has traveled to the more pH-neutral duodenum, pancreatic proteases degrade haptocorrin, releasing free cobalamin, which now binds to intrinsic factor for absorption by ileal enterocytes.
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